Catalhoyuk Turkey Neolithic city characteristics, history (The age of clay at Catalhoyuk etc.) and travel tips.
Catalhoyuk : The Mysterious Pearl of the Neolithic Age
Deep in Anatolia, there is a place that sheds light on prehistoric times: Catalhoyuk. Located in the Çumra district of Konya province in Turkey, this neolithic settlement is considered one of the oldest villages in human history. With a history dating back to 7500 BC, Catalhoyuk, which harbors the first examples of agriculture, settled life and social structure, takes its visitors on a journey through time.
Catalhoyuk Turkey Photos
Catalhoyuk History
When Catalhoyuk was discovered by James Mellaart in 1961, it caused a stir in the world of archaeology. The excavations provided important clues that allowed the settlement to become sedentary around 9,000 years ago. The studies conducted at this site have helped us understand the transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture. Catalhoyuk is one of the largest and best-preserved settlements of the Neolithic period and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The age of clay at Catalhoyuk
The age of the clay at Catalhoyuk suggests that the settlement existed between 7500 BC and 5700 BC. These dates represent an important part of the Neolithic Period and Catalhoyuk played a critical role in the evolution of agriculture, sedentism and social structures during this period. The clay remains, structures, houses and artifacts found during excavations provide important information about the lifestyle and culture of the prehistoric human communities of this settlement. The clay remains at Catalhoyuk shed light on the earliest periods of human history, bearing traces of both architecture and daily life.
Architectural and Building Features of Catalhoyuk Turkey
Catalhoyuk Houses
Catalhoyuk houses are one of the most interesting and characteristic building examples of the Neolithic period. Here are some prominent features of these houses:
1. Mass Settlement Layout
Catalhoyuk houses were built adjacent to each other. This building style was developed to provide security and increase social solidarity. Houses are directly connected to each other, not separated by narrow streets or courtyards.
2. Flat Roofs
The roofs of the houses were usually flat and this form of construction allowed for the addition of upper floors. The flat roof also provided space for social interaction and daily activities.
3. Entries
The entrances of the houses were usually built from the roof or from the sides. To get inside, stairs or steps on the upper part of the ceiling were used to reach the inside of the house. This structure increased the security of the houses.
4. Interior Layout
The interior of the houses usually consists of several rooms. These rooms were used as living spaces, cooking areas and storage areas. The interiors are built with local materials (clay, stone) and the interior of each house is organized differently.
5. Decorations and Art
The walls of the houses are decorated with various frescoes, animal figures and symbols. These works of art reflect the beliefs, rituals and social structure of the period. Especially female figures and nature themes are frequently seen.
6. Fire Surfaces
Inside the houses, there are stoves used for cooking and heating. These hearths are usually placed in the center of the house, creating space for social interaction around them.
7. Divided Areas
There are designated areas for different activities inside the houses. For example, specific areas have been created for cooking, sleeping and social interaction, allowing for an organized daily life.
8. Underground Storage
Catalhoyuk houses also had underground storage for food. These areas helped preserve foodstuffs for longer periods.
9. Insulation
Thanks to the use of materials such as clay and stone, houses provide a comfortable living space in both hot and cold weather. These materials have natural insulation properties.
10. Religious Ritual Sites
In some houses, special areas and symbols for religious rituals were found. These structures stand out as an important part of social and spiritual life.
Catalhoyuk houses are important historical sources that help us understand not only their architectural features but also the social, cultural and economic structure of the period. These features offer a deep insight into people’s lifestyles and play a critical role in the evolution of human history.
Mass Settlement
Catalhoyuk has an interesting settlement plan. The houses were built one on top of the other and adjacent to each other. This style of construction was developed both to provide security and to increase social solidarity. The interiors of the houses are supported by wooden posts and brick walls, and the roofs are usually flat.
Interiors and Decorations
The interiors of the houses are full of details reflecting the social and cultural life of the period. The frescoes, animal figures and abstract symbols on the walls provide important information about the beliefs and daily lives of the people at Catalhoyuk. In addition, the hearths and processing areas in each house bear traces of agricultural activities and food production.
Archaeological findings in Catalhoyuk
Agricultural Activities
During excavations at Catalhoyuk, remains of plants such as wheat, barley and legumes were found. These finds show that people in the region started practicing agriculture and that it was an important part of the transition to settled life. Agriculture changed the diet and played an important role in the evolution of the social structure.
Animal Domestication
Catalhoyuk is also known as a place where animals began to be domesticated. The sheep, goat and cattle bones found during excavations reveal that people started to deal with animal husbandry. This transformed society both nutritionally and economically.
Art and Culture in Catalhoyuk Turkey
The works of art found at Catalhoyuk reflect the aesthetic understanding of the period and the spiritual world of the people. Wall paintings, sculptures and various symbols reveal the rich cultural heritage of this settlement. Especially the works of art, which frequently feature female figures, offer clues about the social structure of the period.
Places to Visit in Catalhoyuk Turkey
Catalhoyuk Open Air Museum
Visitors to Catalhoyuk can see the excavations in the open-air museum. Here, the ancient structures and remains of the settlement are on display. A tour inside the rehabilitated houses is a great opportunity to take a journey into the past. In addition, informative panels and guides in the museum provide detailed information to visitors.
Reconstructions
Visitors can see reconstructions of the interiors of houses at Catalhoyuk. These structures offer important clues about how people lived, their social relations and their daily lives. To make your visit more meaningful, you can choose to visit with a guide.
Things to do in Catalhoyuk
Visit to Archaeological Excavation Sites
You can visit the excavation sites in Catalhoyuk and witness the work of archaeologists. In these areas, you will take a journey from the past to the present and develop your awareness of history. Also, getting information about the finds obtained during the excavations will help you better understand the history of the settlement.
Nature Walks
Catalhoyuk is surrounded by magnificent natural beauty. The hiking trails in the region allow you to enjoy nature, while at the same time discovering the rich flora and fauna of the region. While hiking, you will find peace accompanied by birdsong and natural landscapes.
Local Flavors
You can visit local restaurants in Catalhoyuk to experience the local cuisine. Tasting the unique flavors of Konya cuisine will make your trip even more unforgettable. Especially local dishes such as meat bread, oven kebab and tarator will delight your taste buds.
Catalhoyuk Location
Catalhoyuk is located very close to Konya city center. You can easily reach Catalhoyuk from Konya city center by private car or public transportation. Watching the beautiful landscapes of Anatolia during the journey will offer a pleasant experience. There are also tours organized for transportation to Catalhoyuk.
Conclusion: A Day at Catalhoyuk
Catalhoyuk is not only an archaeological site but also one of the most important stops in human history. It offers the perfect opportunity to enjoy nature while tracing the traces of the past. When you visit, you will discover not only a historical settlement but also the way of life, beliefs and social structures of the people.
A day at Catalhoyuk will nourish both your mind and soul and take you on a historical journey. Remember, this place is not just a place to visit; it is also a place to gain a deep understanding of the past.
